function [team] = study_1(Team1,M,N,L,error,dim,objective,Upnew,Lownew,teamnumber,PTime)
    %%for the pop is to small
    [PNumber,MNumber]=size(PTime);  
    if M< teamnumber
        team = Team1;
    end
    if M>= teamnumber
    T1 = 0;
    
    for i = 1:M
            [b2,temp1,temp2] =  objective(PTime,Team1(i,:));
            T1 = T1+1;
            solT1(T1,:) = [b2];
    end
    %%find the beat in the group
    a1 = find(solT1 == min(solT1));
    BestT1 = Team1(a1,:);
    BestT1 = BestT1(1,:);
    bestT1 = solT1(a1,:);
    
    for i = 1:M
        Z = rand;
        %
        if Z <1/3
            for k = 1:dim
                Z1 = rand;
                if Z1<N
                 Team1(i,k) = BestT1(1,k);
                end
            end
            %   
               else if Z>=1/3 && Z<2/3
                       for k = 1:dim
                           Z2 = rand;
                           if Z2<N
                              h = (round(rand*(M-1)))+1;
                              Team1(i,k) = Team1(h,k);
                              %
                                  else if Z>=2/3;  
                                          for k = 1:dim
                                              Z3 = rand;
                                              if Z3<L    
                                                  h1 = (round(rand*(M-1)))+1;
                                               K =  Team1(i,k);
                                                Team1(i,k) = Team1(h1,k)*(1+randn);
                                                  Team1(h1,k)= K*(1+randn);                                           
                                              end  
                                          end
                                     end
                           end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    %%error
    for i = 1:M
        for k = 1:dim
            a = rand;
            if a<=error
                h3 = (round(rand*(M-1)))+1; 
                 h4 = (round(rand*(dim-1)))+1; 
                 Team1(i,k)= Team1(h3,h4);
            end
        end
    end
    %%Boundary control
    for i = 1:M
        for j = 1:dim
            if Team1(i,j)>=Upnew(:,j)
                Team1(i,j) = Upnew(:,j);
            else if Team1(i,j)<=Lownew(:,j)
                    Team1(i,j) = Lownew(:,j);
                end
            end
        end
    end
    team = Team1;
    end
end